Tooth Sensitivity

Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentine hypersensitivity, is a common dental problem that affects millions of people. It is characterised by a sharp pain or discomfort in response to specific stimuli, such as hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks. While tooth sensitivity can be temporary for some, for others, it can be a chronic issue that significantly impacts their daily life.

What is Tooth Sensitivity?

Tooth sensitivity occurs when the underlying layer of the tooth, called dentine, becomes exposed. The dentine contains tiny nerve endings that are typically protected by tooth enamel. When the enamel wears down or gums recede, the dentine is left exposed, which can lead to increased sensitivity to temperature changes, certain foods, and even touch.

People with sensitive teeth may experience a sharp, sudden pain when consuming hot or cold food or drinks, or when brushing or flossing their teeth.

Causes of Tooth Sensitivity

Tooth sensitivity can arise from a variety of factors, which can be broadly categorised into the following:

Enamel Erosion

Tooth enamel is the hard, protective outer layer of the tooth. Over time, enamel can wear down due to a range of factors, leaving the sensitive dentine exposed. Common causes of enamel erosion include:

• Acidic Foods and Drinks: Citrus fruits, vinegar, fizzy drinks, and wine are highly acidic and can wear away enamel over time. Frequent consumption of these can lead to increased tooth sensitivity.
• Acid Reflux: Stomach acid that flows back into the mouth during acid reflux or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can contribute to enamel erosion.
• Brushing Too Hard: Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or brushing with excessive force can wear down enamel and irritate gums, leading to exposure of the dentine.

Gum Recession

The gums act as a protective barrier, covering the tooth roots and preventing exposure to the sensitive dentine underneath. However, gum recession — when the gums pull back from the tooth — can expose these roots, making the teeth more sensitive. Common causes of gum recession include:

• Periodontal Disease: Gum disease can lead to gum recession as the gums become infected and inflamed.
• Aggressive Brushing: Brushing too aggressively can cause the gums to recede over time, exposing the tooth roots.
• Age: As people age, their gums naturally recede, leading to increased sensitivity.

Tooth Grinding and Clenching (Bruxism)

Grinding or clenching your teeth, especially during sleep, can wear down the enamel and cause microfractures in the teeth, leading to increased sensitivity. Stress, anxiety, or misaligned teeth can contribute to bruxism, making tooth sensitivity more common in those who grind their teeth.

Cavities or Cracked Teeth

Tooth decay or fractures can expose the dentine or nerve endings, leading to sharp pain or discomfort. Cavities and cracks in the teeth are often caused by poor oral hygiene, trauma, or long-term neglect. In these cases, sensitivity is often a sign that a dental problem requires attention.

Dental Procedures

Some dental treatments, such as teeth whitening, fillings, crowns, and deep cleanings, can cause temporary tooth sensitivity. This is especially common if the procedure involves the removal of a significant amount of tooth material or if the tooth becomes temporarily irritated by the treatment.

How to Manage Tooth Sensitivity

While tooth sensitivity can be bothersome, there are various strategies that can help manage and reduce discomfort. By identifying the root cause of sensitivity, you can take steps to protect your teeth and manage symptoms effectively.

Use a Toothpaste for Sensitive Teeth

Specialised toothpastes for sensitive teeth are available over the counter. These toothpastes contain compounds such as potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride, which help block the nerve endings in the dentine and reduce sensitivity. Using a toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth can provide relief over time when used consistently.

Choose a Soft-Bristled Toothbrush

Switch to a soft-bristled toothbrush, which is more gentle on your gums and enamel. Avoid using excessive force when brushing your teeth. The right technique — using gentle, circular motions — will help protect your enamel and prevent gum recession.

Modify Your Diet

If acidic foods and beverages contribute to your sensitivity, try to limit their intake. Consider drinking acidic drinks with a straw to minimise contact with your teeth. Also, avoid snacking on citrus fruits, fizzy drinks, or other acidic substances throughout the day to prevent enamel erosion.

• Rinse with water: After consuming acidic foods, rinse your mouth with water to neutralise the acids and reduce their impact on your enamel.

Avoid Teeth Grinding

If you grind your teeth at night, talk to our team about getting a custom nightguard made. A nightguard can protect your teeth from the pressure of grinding and clenching, preventing further damage to the enamel and reducing sensitivity.

• Stress management: Since stress is often a trigger for bruxism, incorporating relaxation techniques such as meditation or deep breathing exercises may help to alleviate grinding.

Practice Good Oral Hygiene

Good oral hygiene is essential for preventing gum disease, cavities, and enamel erosion. Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque and prevent the buildup of tartar. Regular dental visits will help catch potential problems early and allow your dentist to monitor your oral health.

Avoid Whitening Products

While teeth whitening products are popular for enhancing the appearance of teeth, they can sometimes worsen sensitivity, especially if your enamel is already worn down. If you’re prone to tooth sensitivity, it’s best to avoid whitening treatments or consult your dentist for alternative options.

Seek Professional Dental Care

If your sensitivity persists or worsens, it’s important to consult a dentist for a professional evaluation. Depending on the severity and cause of your sensitivity, your dentist may recommend treatments such as:

• Fluoride treatments: Your dentist may apply a fluoride gel or varnish to help strengthen your enamel and reduce sensitivity.
• Bonding or sealants: For exposed roots or cracks, a dentist may apply a dental sealant or bonding agent to cover sensitive areas and reduce discomfort.
• Root canal treatment: If the sensitivity is caused by nerve involvement or severe decay, a root canal procedure may be necessary to alleviate pain.

Tooth sensitivity can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition, but with proper care, it is often manageable. By understanding the causes of tooth sensitivity and adopting preventive measures such as using the right toothpaste, adjusting your diet, and practicing good oral hygiene, you can significantly reduce the impact of sensitivity on your daily life.